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Our objective was to synthesize hydrothermally stable metal catalysts with controlled particle size and distribution, with the goal of determining which catalyst(s) can selectively produce aromatics. Both precious and transition metal catalysts (Ru, Pt, Ni, Cu, 2Pt1Ru, NiCu) were deposited on mesoporous alumina (mA) and carbon, respectively, using the strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method....
Biodiesel can be considered to be the most capable alternate fuel for partial or complete replacement of the fossil fuel. Previous studies on biodiesel-oil blends have demonstrated that the use of double biofuels in engine can be a promising aspect for the complete elimination of diesel from compression-ignition (CI) engines. But its use increases the lubricating oil dilution to some extent due to...
In a previous work, the addition of the polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) microsphere (50–400ppm) can improve the flow behavior of waxy crude oil through the spacial hindrance effect. However, the flow improving efficiency of the neat PMSQ microsphere is not as good as the traditional polymeric pour point depressants (PPDs). In this paper, the effect of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA2806)...
The reacting diesel spray structure was investigated using n-dodecane, n-heptane and one binary blend of Primary Reference Fuels (80% n-heptane and 20% iso-octane in mass) based on the existing database from previous experimental results from Schlieren imaging technique in a constant pressure combustion chamber. The spray tip velocity was derived from the derivative of tip penetration versus time...
The economics of decentralized methanation units require a reduced complexity of the gas cleanup of gasification-derived syngas resulting in higher concentrations of organic sulfur compounds, e.g. thiophene. The influence of thiophene as single compound as well as in combination with higher hydrocarbons on catalytic fixed bed methanation has been experimentally examined in a series of bench-scale...
Electrical discharges triggered by microwave-metal interactions are important phenomena in microwave heating processes with the generation of plasma. In this study, microwave-metal (MW-m) discharge was developed for tar destruction. Toluene was used as a tar model compound. Uniform tungsten electrodes was adopted and optimized to provide a fast-ignition, relatively-stable and sustainable discharge...
Seven different liquefaction mechanisms that consist of reversible and irreversible steps are suggested for a Turkish lignite (Tunçbilek) in tetralin with the use of microwave heating. Compliance of the proposed mechanisms are determined by forming first order linear Discrete-time models with the experimental data and reaction rate constants are determined with the program written in MATLAB with the...
One of the ways of increasing the ecological and economic performance of internal combustion engines is the addition of small amounts of hydrogen to hydrocarbon fuel. We used the differential capillary method to measure the capillary constant a2 and to determine the surface tension σ of ethane/hydrogen mixtures. Experiments were conducted in the temperature range from 93.15 to 283.15K at pressures...
Higher octane gasoline will be an important factor in enabling future spark-ignition engines to meet increasingly stringent fuel economy and CO2 emissions requirements. The most effective method to raise the octane ‘floor’ of regular grade gasoline is through the use high octane blend components, such as methanol and ethanol. However, this is often limited by the negative effects associated with energy...
The competition between the H2O and CO2 for the active sites during gasification remains a controversial issue in the literature. In this study, the competition between the H2O and CO2 for the active sites during gasification of coal, biomass, and a mixture of coal and biomass using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) kinetic parameters obtained in our previous two papers (Massoudi Farid et al., 2016,...
Cenospheres are one of the most value added fractions of coal fly ash. They have a hollow spherical structure and can be applied in many industrial applications, due to their superior properties; such as low bulk density, high thermal resistance, high workability and high strength. This review, focuses on the formation of cenospheres, their characterisation, including the chemical composition, their...
Coal pyrolysis process is accompanied by free radical generation, stabilization and condensation. Free radical concentration plays a crucial role in pyrolysis product distribution. Hydrothermal treatment of lignites is used as a pretreatment method to regulate pyrolysis product distribution analyzed by free radical reaction mechanism. The free radical concentration in lignite and char was monitored...
Blend of diesel and gasoline (Dieseline) has been proven useful to improving premixed compression ignition (PCI) combustion but it is associated with combustion instability at low load conditions. In this study, a new strategy is developed using high rate of hot-EGR and lower injection pressure for the combustion control. The viability and benefits of PCI using the new strategy are evaluated with...
A method for characterizing the high-pressure CO2 adsorption kinetics of potassium-modified hydrotalcite at elevated temperatures based on a modified static bed is proposed. The pressure drop of the adsorption tube with time was measured by a series of high-sensitivity pressure sensors to calculate the CO2 adsorption curves of the adsorbent. The concept of a hot/cold spot is introduced to eliminate...
Reverse combustion linking (RCL) is a viable and effective linking method for underground coal gasification (UCG). A modelling tool was employed here to explore the theory of reverse combustion in porous media. Grid refinement was also applied to capture accurately the fire-front propagation. Simulation results indicated that RCL features a low-temperature process with strong coupling of mass and...
The interaction mechanism between vitrinite and inertinite during coal pyrolysis was investigated by the Fourier transfer-infrared (FT-IR) analysis, thermogravimetry (TG) analysis, and fixed-bed reaction analysis. The results indicated that different reactions were carried out under various reaction temperature range. Under the low-temperature pyrolysis scope of 300–350°C, the interaction between...
An experimental and computational study was conducted to explore the effects of the physical properties of the high reactivity fuel in a Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion dual-fuel strategy. The objective is to systematically isolate the effects of the boiling characteristics of the direct injected fuel in dual-fuel combustion strategies with different levels of fuel stratification...
Modified asphalt was prepared by mixing coal tar pitch (CTP) and petroleum asphalt (PA), and the effects of blending conditions on the properties of softening point, ductility, penetration, and elastic modulus of CTP-modified asphalt (CTPMA) were discussed. The group compositions of PA and CTPMA were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that PA properties (i.e.,...
For the design and operation of fixed bed gasifiers the understanding of the occurring physicochemical phenomena is essential. In this work, to study the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer as well as chemical reactions a particle-resolved CFD-model is presented. The two-dimensional approach was validated against experiments and simulations for different conditions were conducted and the resulting...
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